Mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law egypt. Taking into account the results of the referendum on the amendment of the constitution of the. Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution abstract despite cautious liberalisation in a few limited areas, egypts new constitution of january 2014 does not represent a new democratic departure. New constitution of egypt pdf this is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 dec ember 2 012, after it was approved by the constit uent assembly on 30 n ovember 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 decembe r 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. This revolution is an extension of the revolutionary march of egyptian patriotism, and enhances the strong bond between the egyptian people and their army that assumed the duty and national shouldered the responsibility of protecting the homeland, by virtue of which we achieved victory. Egyptian constitution approved in referendum bbc news. The egyptian constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012. This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in international ideas constitutionnet. Perhaps the most controversial article is article 4 which boosts alazhar as an autonomous insti. Several articles include a stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution but its character is largely secular. This means that the new presidents powers will most probably be modified after he.
Seven upholding national unity is an obligation of state and society, for it is the cornerstone of building a modern egypt and the path to progress and development. Egyptian judges club members agreed to boycott the referendum. Mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt.
The second constituent assembly produced on 30 november 2012 a 234 article draft constitution, after it approved each article individually during a 19hour meeting starting on 29 november. Omar ashour says that while egypts 2012 draft constitution is the least authoritarian one the country has ever had, it is far from perfect. The arab republic of egypt is an independent, united sovereign state that cannot be divided. This paper presents a comparative gender audit of egypts two constitutions 2012, 2014 developed after a peoples uprising in 2011 and 20 led to the ousting of two presidents mubarak and morsi respectively. The egyptian people are part of the arab and islamic nations, proud of belonging to the nile valley and africa and of its asian reach, a positive participant in human civilization. On 3 february 2019, 155 members of parliament submitted a request to amend 12 articles of the egyptian constitution and to add nine new articles.
Some egyptian politicians see this constitution as a major threat to democracy and call for a solution to reintroduce the egyptian constitution of 1971, although in the new constitution as opposed to the old constitution the way to absolutism and autocracy is blocked, mainly due to the limitation of power of the president. Image caption official results are not expected until monday, after all appeals have been heard. No power shall override that of righteousness, and the judiciary shall be independent, bearer of the honorable mission of defending the constitution, upholding justice. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt sis. This means that the new presidents powers will most probably be modified after he is elected, a situation likely to create a new crisis. Egypts new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012 amid intense political tensions and deep rifts between islamists and liberal forces. Key elements of egypts constitution are at odds with international legal obligations and. The new egyptian constitution the threeyear transitional period proclaimed by the revolutionary command council rcc as a prelude to the introduction of representative democracy in egypt came to an end january 16, 1956, when prime minister gamal abd alnasir introduced before a large cairo assembly the draft of a new constitution. Commentary to the constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012 the egyptian constitutional declaration dated 17 june 2012 a commentary introduction the popular uprising that commenced in egypt in january 2011 has given rise to a number of unpredictable events that have affected egypts transition to democracy. Dec 26, 2012 mohamed morsi signs egypts new constitution into law. In the name of the merciful god and with his aid, declare this to be. The political regime of the arab republic of egypt is based upon the multiparty system within the framework of the basic principles and components of the egyptian society stipulated by the constitution.
Egypts 2012 constitution page 2 pb 9 january 25, 20 part of an amendment to the constitutions main text and reflectsin a more specific, yet idiosyncratic 1manneron thoseprinciples of islamic sharia. The egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. The egyptian judiciary shall carry out its mission in defending the constitution, upholding justice and protecting rights and freedoms. Indepth analysis of the main elements of the new constitution. Negotiating women in egypts postmubarak constitutions 2012.
The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. The draft, which was finalized on december 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and approved by a december 2012 referendum with 63 percent of the vote. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. Feb 23, 2020 article 1 the arab republic of egypt is an independent sovereign state, united and indivisible, its system democratic. Dec 21, 2012 omar ashour says that while egypts 2012 draft constitution is the least authoritarian one the country has ever had, it is far from perfect. We and our future generations are masters in a sovereign homeland that is master of its destiny. Several articles include stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution, yet its character is largely secular.
Quick progress towards a new egyptian constitution is extremely unlikely. Egypts constitution between 2012 and 2014 a talk by mohammad fadel university of toronto law on egypts adoptation of a constitution following the removal of hosni mubarak. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Freedom, human dignity,and social justice are the rights of every citizen. The members come from different parties and are publicly supportive of president abdelfattah alsisi. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution select a topic to highlight. The new egyptian constitution, despite being written after january 25 revolution and 40 years from the emergence of modern constitutions, remains traditional it its form and content. A draft constitution approved by egypts constituent assembly falls well short of protecting human rights and, in particular, ignores the rights of women, restricts freedom of expression in the name of protecting religion, and allows for the military trial of civilians, amnesty international said. Egyptians appear to have approved a controversial new constitution in a. Draft dated 30 november 2012 of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt unofficial translation prepared by international idea. Comparing egypts constitutions egyptians will soon vote in a referendum on a new constitution, their second in just over a year. Egypts 2012 constitution united states institute of peace. From the perspective of equal citizenship, the constitution does not reach a satisfactory level in any of the.
The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. Dec 23, 2012 image caption official results are not expected until monday, after all appeals have been heard. The new draft constitution has removed language and articles favored by the islamists. The egyptian people, is the sole source of authority. A promise of a new dawn worthy of egypts history and civilization, the. E 2012 2 researchers have not accorded due attention to health conditions in detention facilities in egypt, although these locations are more prone to violations, particularly health breaches, which may occur when it is difficult to access necessary healthcare. Constitution amendment procedure unamendable provisions citizenship requirements for birthright citizenship citizenship restrictions on entry or exit from the state language official or national languages language protection of language use race and ethnicity obligation to transfer wealth toread more. Egypts recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by the islamist. If a student of constitutional texts reads the egyptian constitution of 2012 from beginning to end, he or she will find much of it familiar a great deal of the language, structure, and institutions are common to constitutions in many countries around the world.
Mar, 2012 quick progress towards a new egyptian constitution is extremely unlikely. Egyptians appear to have approved a controversial new constitution in a referendum, unofficial and. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free online. The constitutio n of the arab republic o f egy pt was the former fundamental law of egy pt. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 april 2019.
Media in category egyptian constitution of 2012 the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december. Public consultations leading to the referendum were selective and weak. Egypt s new constitution was adopted on december 22, 2012. Following the removal of then president mohamed morsi from office on july 3, egypts militarybacked. December 1, 20, is meant to replace egypts 2012 constitution, which was written by an islamist majority and. Constitution of egypt of 2012 wikisource, the free. On 14 february, parliament voted to advance the proposed amendments with 485 members in favour. Egypts government services portal egypt constitution. Egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and. Six the rule of law is the basis of the individuals freedom, the legitimacy of authority, and the states respect of the law.
It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution. A comparison amendments to egypts 2012 charter include more rights and freedoms, greater autonomy for the military, judiciary and the possibility to withdraw. New constitution of egypt pdf new constitution of egypt pdf new constitution of egypt pdf download. Amid intense political contestation and deep rifts between islamists. In the midst of current affairs in egypt where people are debating over the constitution that has been set before them to vote on, i would like to present to you one of the oldest, if not the oldest constitution in history. We, the people of egypt, in the name and with the assistance of god, the most merciful and gracious, this is our constitution the document of the january 25 revolution, the revolution which was initiated by our youth, which our people rallied around, and which the armed forces sided with. The constitutional text departs from egypt s authoritarian path, but also from a previous consensus among political forces to curb presidential powers.
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